سُبحانَك لا عِلْمَ لَنَا إلا ما عَلَّمْتَنَا

Ibn al Haytham Isaac Newton

Einstein James Maxwell Hendrick Lorentz Max Planck

. Steven Hawking Mustafa Mosharafa Schrödinger Debroglie Heisenberg John Bell

welcome to my web site

I wish that you get interested in reading its content , it is about interesting topic introduced in
a very simple way. It is about {modern physics}.

I will first introduce a brief introduction:

Classical physics was based mainly on Newtonian mechanics and other bases as Euclidean geometry, Pythagoras theorem , etc...
beside some work in nineteenth century like Maxwell's equations and classical wave theories.

Classical physics was good , and it was and still serving us well in predicting every thing about waves, particles and their motion in the ordinary -daily- life ,although it contains some defects which were clearly known but they hadn't affect the accuracy of results predicted by classical laws, also it had some concepts that were discovered to be wrong at the beginning of the twentieth century like the concept of the ether .

I will show here 2 examples of these defects :

1-The gravity nature :

Newton himself couldn't know the nature of gravity and the explanation of gravity as a force of attraction between bodies was some way confusing , Newton couldn't explain how gravity is transferred from the sun to the planets and how the sun control the planets around it .
so this defect was neglected and didn't affect the accuracy of Newton's theory in ordinary life.

2-Absolute motion:

The concept of absolute motion was from the important concepts in the classical physics , but when you look deeply -as the physicists had done- you shall think, why I call this body resting and that body moving, why when I am in my car moving through a road with trees on both of its sides I think that I am moving while the trees are at rest, no logical answer was found but this concept must remain true for the classical physics to keep its clearness , it was said that the resting body is that body which is at rest with respect to ether and that moving body is moving relative to the ether, the ether is the medium in which electromagnetic waves propagates and this medium fills the space, the ether was proposed for some reasons which are out of our discussion now.
The body which is resting relative to the ether was thought to be a special case and it has the best description for physics laws { i.e. has special frame of reference }.

Now let's show one example of physics that is explained under effect of ether assumption:

we knew well that when we have a coil (loop) and a bar magnet ,we can produce electric current in the coil by one of 2 ways

-put a coil at rest and move the magnet by velocity (V) to left through the coil so an electric current is generated in the coil with intensity (I).
This was explained by : an electric field is supposed to be created in the ether by the motion of the magnet relative to it (Faraday's law of induction).

-put the magnet at rest and move the coil to the right by same velocity (V) so an electric current is generated in the coil with intensity (I).
This was explained by : no such electric field is supposed to be present since the magnet is at rest in the ether, but the current results from the motion of the loop through the magnetic field (Lorentz force law).

This asymmetry of explanation, not reflected in any difference in the phenomena observed, must already have been troubling to Einstein.

In the same time ,any experiment tried to detect the ether presence failed.
for example Michelson-Morley experiment failed to detect the ether and to explain its result ,Lorentz added new assumption to his theory which was not related to the rest of the theory.

Now let's finish our introduction :

Before Michelson-Morley experiment and other ones classical physics was not affected by those defects, but after this time the classical physics proves a great failure in predicting physics laws in:

1-Bodies moving with very high velocities
2-large scale (strong gravity)
3-small scale (atom, electrons, etc...)

thus new theories were needed to solve these problems

i) special relativity solved the first problem
ii) general relativity solved the second problem
iii) quantum mechanics solved the last one .

{special relativity is just a single case from the general relativity}

-The 2 poles of modern physics are general relativity and quantum mechanics , unifying those 2 theories in one theory is still unaccomplished .

To be ready for this site , you must be ready for a lot of shocking and amazing results which destroyed some fundamental concepts that you are familiar with.

by reading the content of this site you will get about 98% of special relativity and you will get the theoretical ideas and bases of general relativity and quantum mechanics but you will not get the mathematics of the last 2 theories as it is so complicated.

AFTER FINISHING THE INTRODUCTION YOU ARE READY TO GO THROUGH THE JOURNEY OF MODERN PHYSICS.

Note: by clicking on the pictures of the physicists at the top of the page you will be directed to articles about those physicists from very good sites like wikipedia and others

I will be happy to receive your comments and questions on my email

I will be happy if you joined me on my group "simple physics"